Monday, March 3, 2014

Volcanoes in Indonesia

Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) of Indonesia in 2010 has published list of volcanoes in Indonesia. As for the definition of volcanoes provided "volcanoes are hills or mountains that generally have diatreme and the place where magma and or volcanic gases come out onto the earth's surface." Active volcanoes are those of which the magma activity can be observed visually and instrumentally either on the surface or sub surface. There are 127 volcanoes in Indonesia and classified into three types: A, B, and C. 

A-type volcanoes are those which had undergone magmatic eruption or other related processes, at least once after 1600 AD, Indonesia has 77 volcanoes of this type. They are:
  1. Peut Sague
  2. Bur Ni Telong
  3. Seulawah Agam
  4. Sinabung
  5. Sorik Marapi
  6. Marapi
  7. Tandikat
  8. Talang
  9. Kerinci
  10. Sumbing
  11. Kaba
  12. Dempo 
  13. Anak Krakatau
  14. Salak
  15. Gede
  16. Tangkuban Parahu
  17. Ciremai
  18. Papandayan
  19. Guntur
  20. Galunggung
  21. Slamet
  22. Dieng
  23. Sundoro
  24. Sumbing
  25. Merapi
  26. Kelut
  27. Arjuno Welirang
  28. Semeru
  29. Bromo
  30. Lamongan
  31. Raung
  32. Kawah Ijen
  33. Batur
  34. Agung
  35. Rinjani
  36. Tambora
  37. Sangeang Api
  38. Anak Ranakah
  39. Inelika
  40. Inerie
  41. Ebulobo
  42. Iya
  43. Kelimutu
  44. Rokatenda
  45. Egon
  46. Lewotobi Laki-Laki
  47. Lewotobi Perempuan
  48. Lereboleng
  49. Ili Boleng
  50. Batutara
  51. Ili Lewotolo
  52. Ile Werung
  53. Hobal
  54. Sirung
  55. Colo, Una-Una Island
  56. Ambang
  57. Soputan
  58. Lokon/Empung
  59. Mahawu
  60. Tangkoko
  61. Ruang
  62. Karangetang, Api Siau
  63. Banua Wuhu
  64. Awu
  65. Submarine 1992
  66. Nieuwerkerk
  67. Wetar
  68. Wurlali, Damar Island
  69. Serawerna, Teon Island
  70. Laworkawra, Nila Island
  71. Legatala, Serua Island
  72. Banda Api
  73. Kie Besi
  74. Gamalama
  75. Gamkonora
  76. Ibu
  77. Dukono
 B-type are those in solfataric and fumarolic stages and no magmatic eruptions known since 1600 AD, Indonesia has 29 volcanoes of this type. They are:
  1. Bur Ni Geureundong
  2. Sibayak
  3. Pusuk Bukit
  4. Bual-Buali
  5. Talak Mau
  6. Kunyit
  7. Belerang Beriti
  8. Bukit Daun
  9. Lumut Balai
  10. Sikincau Belirang
  11. Rajabasa
  12. Pulosari
  13. Karang
  14. Patuha
  15. Wayang Windu
  16. Talaga Bodas
  17. Ungaran
  18. Merbabu
  19. Lawu
  20. Wilis
  21. Iyang Argapura
  22. Ili Muda
  23. Labalekan
  24. Yersey
  25. Emperior Of China
  26. Manuk
  27. Sempu
  28. Klabat
  29. Tokodo
 C-type volcanoes are those which has no eruption registered/known since 1600 AD, and presently as fumarolic and solfataric fields. Indonesia has 21 volcanoes of this type, they are:
  1. Weh Island
  2. Gayolestern
  3. Helatobi Tarutung
  4. Marga Bayur
  5. Pematang Bata
  6. Hulubelu
  7. Kiaraberes Gagak
  8. Perbakti
  9. Kawah Manuk
  10. Kawah Kamojang
  11. Kawah Karaha
  12. Batu Kolok
  13. Sarongsong
  14. Lahendong
  15. Tempeng
  16. Tompasu
  17. Waisano
  18. Poco Leak
  19. Sukoria
  20. Ndetu Napi
  21. Riang Kotang
Source : Data Dasar Gunung Api Indonesia, KESDM, Badan Geolodi, 2011 (two books)